Nama : Bintang Eka Putra
NPM : 10209864
Kelas : 4ea08
Mata Kuliah : B. Inggris Bisnis 2
Dosen : miss Dewi Wulandari
Tenses
Tenses
dalam bahasa inggris berarti time (waktu). Kata tenses berarti kata kerja atau
kumpulan kata yang digunakan untuk mengekspresikan hubungan waktu. Tenses
menunjukan apakah itu dalam tindakan, aktifitas waktu skarang, lampau atau akan
datang sebagai tambahan verb tenses menunjukan apakah aktifitas itu sudah
berlangsung pada waktu lampau atau masing – masing berlangsung hingga sekarang.
Kinds
of tenses :
1.
Present tens ( waktu yang terjadi
sekarang)
a. Simple
present tens ( waktu sekarang sederhana)
Pattern:
(+) kalimat positif : Subject + verb1 + Object
/ Adverb
Example : I eat everyday = S + V1 + Adv
You
wacth television = S + V1 + O
They
study math everyweek = S + V1 + O + Adv
(-) kalimat negative = Subject + do /does +
not + v1 + Object / Adverb
Example : I don’t eat everyday = S + do + not + v1
+ Adverb
You
don’ watch television = S + do + not + Object
She
doesn’t study math everyday = S + does + not + O + Adv
(?) Introgrative (
kalimat Tanya ) = do/does + Subject + v1 + Object / Adverb + ?
Example : do you eat everyday ? = do + Subject +
v1 + Adverb + ?
do
you watch television = do + S + v1 + O + ?
does
she study math everyweek ? = does + S + v1 + O + Adverb + ?
Pronoun :
Subject to be
I / you/ we / they do
She / he /it does
(jika pronon she / he and it dalam kalimat positf simple present tens kata
kerjanya atau verb1 harus ditambah S / ES)
Example : She eats
everyday
b. Present
Continuous Tens ( waktu yang terjadi sekarang )
Biasanya digunakan
untuk menyatakan waktu yang terjadi sekarang.
Pattern :
(+) kalimat positif : subject + to be +
Verb 1 + ing + Object / Adverb
Example : I’m studing now = S + to be + Verb 1 + ing
+ Adv
We’re
studing now = S + to be + Verb 1 + ing + Adv
She
is working at the park = S + to be +
Verb 1 + ing + Adv of place
(-) Kalimat negative = Subject + to be +
not + verb1 + ing + Object / Adverb
Example = I’m not studing now = S + to be + not + Verb1 + ing
+ Adv
We are not studing now = S + to be + not + Verb1 + ing + Adv
The
man is not shooting a bird = S + to be +
not + Verb1 + ing + O
(?) (
Kalimat Tanya ) = to be + Subject + verb1 + ing + Object / Adverb + ?
Example = are you studing now ? = to be + S + verb1 +
ing + Adv of time + ?
are
they studing now ? = to be + S + verb1 + ing + Adv + ?
is
the man shooting a bird ? = to be + S +
verb1 + ing + Adv + ?
” huruf “y” dari kata “study” harus
dihilangkan karna telah menggabungkan dengan “ing” menjadi “studing”.
Subject
to be
I / am
You / we / they are
She / he / it is
c. Present
perfect tens ( waktu yang sudah terjadi sekarang )
Biasanya digunakan untuk menyatakan kalimat yang
sudah terjadi sekarang.
Pattern :
(+) kalimat positif :
Subject + have / has + verb3 + Object / Adverb
Example = I have read that book = S + have + verb3 + O
She has swept the floor = S + has + verb3 + O
(-) Kalimat negative : Subject + have / has + not + verb3 + Object / Adverb
Example = I have not
read that book = S + Have + not + Verb3 + O
She has not swept the floor = S + has + not +
verb3 + O
(?) kalimat introgrative ( Kalimat Tanya ) = have / has + Subject + verb3 + Object / Adverb + ?
Example = have you read
the book ? = Have + S + verb3 + O + ?
Has she swept the floor ? = Has + S + verb3 +
O + ?
Pronoun :
Subject to be
I / you / we / they Have
She / he / it has
d. Present
perfect continous tens
Waktu
yang sudah selesai dan berlanjut hingga sekarang. Biasanya digunakan untuk
menyatakan suatu kejadian yang sudah terjadi tapi masih berlanjut bhingga
sekarang.
Pattern :
(+) kalimat
positif : Subject + have / has + been + verb1 + ing + Object / Adverb
Example = you have been
teaching the class for two hours = S +
have + been + verb1 + ing + Adv of time
He has been playing
football since morning = S + has + been + verb1 + ing + Adv of time
(-) Kalimat negative :
Subject + have / has + not + been + verb1 + ing + Object / Adverb
Example = you have not
been teaching the class for two owers = S + have + not + been + verb1 + ing +
Adv
He has not been playing
football since morning = S + has + not + been + verb1 + ing + Adv of time
(?) Kalimat
introgrative ( Kalimat Tanya ) = Have / has + Subject + been + verb1 + ing +
Object / Adverb + ?
Example = Have you been
teaching the class for two hours ? = Have + Subject + been + verb1 + ing +
Adverb + ?
Has he been playing
football since morning ? = Has + Subject + been + verb1 + ing + Adv + ?
Pronoun :
Subject to be
I / you / we / they Have
She / he / it has
2.
Past tens ( menyatakan waktu yang
terjadi kemaren )
a. Simple
Past Tens ( menyatakan waktu yang terjadi kemaren Sederhana )
Pattern =
(+) kalimat positif : Subject + verb2 + Object / Adverb
(+) kalimat positif : Subject + verb2 + Object / Adverb
Example = I drove my
car yesterday = S + verb2 + O + Adv
(-) Kalimat negative = Subject + did + not + verb1 + Object / Adverb
Example = I did not she
a cat in the farm = S + did + not + verb1 + Adv of place
(?) Kalimat introgrative = did + I + verb1 + Obejct / Adverb + ?
Example = did they take
the ball ? = did + S + verb1 + O + ?
Pronoun :
Subeject to
be
I / you / we / they /
She / he / it did
b. Past
Continous Tens ( menyatakan waktu yang sedang terjadi kemaren )
Pattern =
(+) Kalimat Positif = Subject + was / were + verb1 + ing + Object / Adverb
(+) Kalimat Positif = Subject + was / were + verb1 + ing + Object / Adverb
Example = you were
singing in a restaurant yesterday = S + were + verb1 + ing + Adv of place
(-) Kalimat negative = Subject + was / were + not + verb1 + ing + Object / Adverb
Example = She was not
sitting on my chir last week = S + was + not + verb1 + ing + O + Adv of time
(?) Kalimat introgrative (kalimat Tanya ) = was / were + Subject + verb1 + ing + Object / Adverb + ?
Example = were they wearing a dress yesterday ? = were +
S + verb1 + ing + O + Adv + ?
= was he doing his home
work last night ? = was + S + verb1 + ing + O + Adv + ?
Pronoun :
Subject to be
I / she / he / it was
You / we / they were
c. Past
Perfect Tens ( sesuatu yang sudah terjadi kemaren )
Pattern =
(+) Kalimat positif = Subject + had + verb3 + O / Adv
(+) Kalimat positif = Subject + had + verb3 + O / Adv
Example = I had got
much many from my boss = S + had + verb3 + O
(-) kalimat negative = Subject + had + not + verb3 + O / Adv
Example = I had not
gone to school for two owers yesterday = S + had + not + verb3 + Adv
(?) Kalimat Introgrative = had + Subject + verb3 + O / Adverb + ?
Example = had you
finished your home work so far ? = had +
S + verb3 + O + ?
Pronoun :
Subject to
be
I / you / we / they /
she / he / it had
d. Past
perfect Continous tens ( Sesuatu yang sudah terjadi tapi masih berlanjut
diwaktu kemaren )
Pattern =
(+) Kalimat positif : Subject + had + been + verb1 + ing + Object / Adverb
(+) Kalimat positif : Subject + had + been + verb1 + ing + Object / Adverb
Example = I had been
watching on television for one hour = S + had + been + verb1 + ing + O / Adv of
time
(-) Kalimat negative = Subject + had + not + been + verb1 + ing + Object / Adverb
Example = I had not
been playing football for a long time lastweek = S + had + not + been + verb1 +
ing + O / Adv
(?) Kalimat Introgrative = had + Subject + been + verb1 + ing + Object / Adverb + ?
Example = had they
opening the door since morning yesterday ?
= had + S + been + verb1 + ing + O / Adv + ?
Pronoun :
Subject to
be
I / you / we / they /
she / he / it had
3.
Future tens ( sesuatu yang akan terjadi
dimasa depan )
a. Simple
future tens ( menyatakan sesuatu yang akan terjadi dimasa depan sederhana )
Pattern =
(+) Kalimat positif : Subject + will + verb1 + Object / Adverb
(+) Kalimat positif : Subject + will + verb1 + Object / Adverb
Example = I will meet
you tomorrow = S + will + verb1 + Adv
(-) Kalimat negative = Subject + will + not + verb1 + Object / Adverb
Example = I will not
have lunch tomorrow afternoon = S + will + not + verb1 + O + Adv of time
(?) Kalimat Introgrative = will + Subject + verb1 + Object / Adverb + ?
Example = will you buy
a new car next year ? = will + S + verb1 + O + Adv + ?
Pronoun :
Subject to
be
I / you / we / they /
she / he / it will
b. Future
contious tens (sesuatu yang akan sedang terjadi dimasa depan )
Pattern =
(+) Kalimat positif : Subject + will + be + verb1 + ing + Object / Adverb
(+) Kalimat positif : Subject + will + be + verb1 + ing + Object / Adverb
Example = I will be
swimming tomorrow = S + will + be + verb1 + ing + Adv
(-) Kalimat negative = : Subject + will + not + be + verb1 + ing + Object / Adverb
Example = you will not
be eating fish in a restaurant = S + will + not + be + verb1 + ing + O
(?) Kalimat Introgrative = will + Subject + be + verb1 + ing + Object / Adverb + ?
Example = will they be
coming to my hause tomorrow ? = will + S + be + verb1 + ing + O + Adv of time +
?
Pronoun :
Subject to
be
I / you / we / they /
she / he / it will
c. Future
Perfect Tens ( Sesuatu yang akan sudah terjadi dimasa mendatang )
Pattern =
(+) Kalimat positif : Subject + will + have + verb3 + Object / Adverb
(+) Kalimat positif : Subject + will + have + verb3 + Object / Adverb
Example = you will have
read many books tomorrow = S + will + have + verb3 + O + Adv
(-) Kalimat negative = Subject + will + not + have + verb3 + Object / Adverb
Example = you will not
have called him tomorrow morning = S + will + not + have + verb3 + O / Adv of
time
(?) Kalimat Introgrative = will + Subject + have + verb3 + Object / Adverb + ?
Example = will you have
for given me next week ? = will + S + have + verb3 + O / Adv + ?
Pronoun :
Subject to
be
I / you / we / they /
she / he / it will
d. Future
Perfect Continous Tens ( Sesuatu yang akan sudah terjadi dan masih berlanjut di
masa mendatang)
Pattern =
(+) Kalimat positif : Subject + will + have + been + verb1 + ing + Object / Adverb
(+) Kalimat positif : Subject + will + have + been + verb1 + ing + Object / Adverb
Example = they will
have been betting much many for football tomorrow = S + will + have + been +
verb1 + ing + O + Adv of time
(-) Kalimat negative = Subject + will + not + have + been + verb1 + ing + Object / Adverb
Example = I will not
have been catching fish for the day after tomorrow = S + will +not + have +
been + verb1 + ing + O + Adv of time
(?) Kalimat Introgrative = will + Subject + have + been + verb1 + ing + Object / Adverb + ?
Example = will she have
been walking in the park for tomorrow ? = will + Subject + have + been + verb1
+ ing + Object / Adverb + ?
Pronoun :
Subject to
be
I / you / we / they /
she / he / it will
4.
Past future Tens (Waktu yang akan datang
dimasa lampau )
a. Past
future Tens ( waktu yang akan datang dimasa lampau )
Pattern =
(+) Kalimat Positif : Subject + would / should + verb1 + Object / Adverb
(+) Kalimat Positif : Subject + would / should + verb1 + Object / Adverb
Example = she would
like a letter yesterday = S + would + verb1 + O + Adv
(-) Kalimat negative = Subject + Would / Should + not + verb1 + Object / Adverb
Example = I would not
go to school yesterday = S + would + not + verb1 + O + Adv
(?) Kalimat Introgrative = Would / Should + Subject + verb1 + Object / Adverb + ?
Example = Would you
wear your new dress Last week ? = Would / Should + S + verb1 + O / Adv + ?
Pronoun :
Subject to
be
I / you / we / they /
she / he / it would
/ should
b. Past
future Countinous ( Waktu yang akan sedang terjadi pada waktu lampau )
Pattern =
(+) Kalimat Positif : Subject + would / should + be + verb1 + ing + Object / Adv
(+) Kalimat Positif : Subject + would / should + be + verb1 + ing + Object / Adv
Example = he would be
feeding a cat last week : S + would / should + be + verb1 + ing + O + Adv of
time
(-) Kalimat negative = Subject + would / should + not + be + verb1 + ing + Object / Adverb
Example = they would
not be going to school yesterday : S + would / should + not + be + verb1 + ing
+ O + Adv of time
(?) Kalimat Introgrative = Would / should + Subject + be + verb1 + ing + Object / Adverb + ?
Example = Would you be
swimming last week ? = Would / Should + S + be + verb1 + ing + Adv + ?
Pronoun :
Subject to
be
I / you / we / they /
she / he / it would
/ should
c. Past
Future Perfect Tens ( Waktu yang akan sudah selesai pada waktu lampau )
Pattern =
(+) Kalimat Positif : Subject + would / should + have + verb3 + Object / Adverb
(+) Kalimat Positif : Subject + would / should + have + verb3 + Object / Adverb
Example
= I would have eaten fish : S + would + have + verb3 + O
(-) Kalimat negative = Subject + would / should + not + have + verb3 + Object / Adverb
Example = I would not
have cried a loud : S + would + not + have + verb3 + Adv of munner
(?) Kalimat Introgrative = Would / should + Subject + have + verb3 + Object / Adverb + ?
Example = would you
have closed the door ? : Would + S + have + verb3 + O + ?
Pronoun :
Pronoun :
Subject to
be
I / you / we / they /
she / he / it would
/ should
d. Past
future Perfect Continous Tens
Waktu akan sudah terjadi & masih terjadi
pada waktu lampau
Pattern :
(+) Kalimat Positif :
Subject + would / should + have + been + verb1 + ing + Object / Adverb
Example = you would
have been dancing with me since last week : S + would + have + been + verb1 +
ing + O + Adv of time
(-) Kalimat negative = Subject + would / should + not + have + been + verb1 + ing + Object / Adverb
Example = I would not
have been walking since last month : : S + would + not + have + been + verb1 +
ing + Adv of time
(?) Kalimat Introgrative = Would / should + Subject + have + been + verb1 + ing + Object / Adverb + ?
Example = Would they
have been going to a traditional market ? : Would + S + have + been + verb1 +
ing + Adv of place + ?
Pronoun :
Subject to
be
I / you / we / they /
she / he / it would
/ should
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